Dorothy Louise Eady (1904–1981) was born in London as the only child to Reuben Ernest Eady & Caroline Mary Eady. At the age of 3, she fell down the stairs and died. The family doctor was surprised when the parents of the girl summoned him back to the house an hour later. Their daughter was alive and perfectly healthy.However, Dorothy was not the same little girl anymore.

The Early Life Of Dorothy Louise Eady 

Dorothy began speaking English with a foreign accent. She regularly came into conflict with teachers and priests for comparing "old religion" with Christianity.She also had vivid dreams of vast buildings with large columns and beautiful gardens.When she was 4, her parents took her to the British Museum in London, where she hugged Egyptian sculptures and told her parents these were her people.She asked her parents to take her home after discovering a photo of the Temple of Seti I from Egypt, all the while explaining that there used to be more trees and a beautiful garden next to the temple.

What Changed?

After marrying an Egyptian man and moving to Egytp, she found herself a job at the archaeological site near the Temple of Seti I in Abydos.She began having dreams about a past life, of being an ancient Egyptian priestess called Bentreshyt.After naming her son Sety, she gained the popular name ‘Omm Sety’ (‘Mother of Sety’) from local Egyptians. After separating from her husband she dedicated her life to the study of Ancient Egypt.

Ancient Stories And Present Dreams

One Egyptologist tested the authenticity of her claims by asking Dorothy to identify artifacts inside of the Temple of Seti I in complete darkness. Dorothy could describe the paintings and the artifacts with astonishing accuracy, eventhough very few people knew what was inside of the temple.Archaeologists also found a garden next to the Temple of Seti I, at the exact location she had pinpointed 50 years before.All leading Egyptologists respected Dorothy, as her immense knowledge solved many ancient Egyptian mysteries.

Proof Of Reincarnation, Or A Mere Obsession?

After she retired, her son Sety asked her to move with him to Kuwait, but she refused the offer. For Dorothy, there was only one place to die: in Egypt, near ‘her’ temple.Her life is either a true story of reincarnation or a story of an extreme obsession with Egypt. Either way, it is an incredible life story.

An Incredible Life Story

The story of Dorothy Eady, known as Omm Sety, about her death, life, son, husband, and discoveries in Egypt. Was she really a pharaoh's priestess and mistress?

religionandspirituality

Religion & Spirituality

history

History

The Girl Who Raised From the Dead With Memories of Ancient Egypt

The discovery of a small community in the Dominican Republic, where some males are born looking like girls and only grow penises at puberty, has led to the development of a blockbuster drug that has helped millions of people

<ol><li>Humans have an <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/XY_sex-determination_system">XY sex-determination system</a>.</li><li>The Y chromosome carries the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/sry/#:~:text=The%20SRY%20gene%20provides%20instructions,46%20chromosomes%20in%20each%20cell.">SRY gene</a> (also known as TDF) which determines testicular formation.</li><li>The <a href="https://www.healthline.com/human-body-maps/testis#:~:text=The%20testes%20%E2%80%94%20also%20called%20testicles,region%20near%20the%20upper%20thighs.&text=The%20testes%20also%20produce%20a%20hormone%20called%20testosterone.">testes</a> formed in the presence of the SRY gene secretes hormones (<a href="https://www.hormone.org/your-health-and-hormones/glands-and-hormones-a-to-z/hormones/dihydrotestosterone#:~:text=Dihydrotestosterone%20is%20a%20hormone%20with,the%20development%20of%20male%20characteristics.">dihydro-testosterone</a>).</li><li>Hormonal changes induce <a href="https://www.google.com/search?q=sex+differentiation&client=ms-android-huawei-rev1&prmd=vinx&sxsrf=AOaemvJH0QtuCxqPUdIKzVnnjzaBgCXE8w:1634029369568&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&sqi=2&ved=2ahUKEwikiIDhwcTzAhUXp5UCHeHZBqwQ_AUoAnoECAMQAg&biw=360&bih=654&dpr=3#imgrc=Q9G6NkAd8kNKuM">development of external & internal sex organs</a> (penis, scrotum & wolffian ducts).</li><li>The absence of SRY gene leads to the development of different internal and external organs (vulva, uterus, fallopian tubes).</li></ol>This process of sex organ development through chromosomal & hormonal mechanisms is known as sex differentiation.

To Understand How, We Need A Lesson On Human Sex Differentiation

The process of sex differentiation ensures that human fetuses are born with distinct external & internal genitalia (which is used to assign their sex at birth).However, in a small town in the Dominican Republic, a community known as the "Guevedoces" (translating to "penis at twelve") undergo a different process of sex differentiation.Many of them are brought up girls due to the absence a penis & testes & the presence of a vagina.When puberty approaches, some of their male sexual organs grow, and their biological sex is reassigned as male according to their genitalia.

Biological Processes Are Never Universal

In the 1970s, Dr Julianne Imperato-McGinley, discovered that they have a genetic condition that causes a deficiency in an enzyme called 5-alpha-reductase, which converts testosterone into dihydro-testosterone.Thus, male external & internal genitalia do not develop despite the presence of the Y chromosome & SRY gene, and they appear female when they are born.At puberty, a surge of testosterone causes their body to develop internal & external male genitalia alongside secondary male characteristics.

So why does it happen?

Another thing that Imperato-McGinley discovered was that the Guevedoces tend to have small prostates.This observation led to the development of the best-selling drug, <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finasteride">finasteride</a>, which blocks the action of 5-alpha-reductase, mimicking the lack of dihydro-testosterone seen in the Guevedoces.Finasteride is an effective way to treat <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benign_prostatic_hyperplasia">Benign prostate hyperplasia</a> & <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pattern_hair_loss">male pattern baldness</a>, <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hirsutism">hirsutism</a> in women & is part of <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminizing_hormone_therapy">hormone therapy</a> for transgender woman.

How Did The Guevedocs Helped Develop A Drug That Helps Millions?

A final interesting observation that Imperato-McGinley made was that these boys, despite being brought up as girls, almost all showed strong heterosexual preferences. She concluded<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4432067"> prenatal hormones play a bigger role in the development of sexual orientation</a> compared to external influences.

What Do These Findings Imply On Human Sexuality?

Children in a remote village in the Dominican Republic have an extremely unusual condition.

The extraordinary case of the Guevedoces

Conversion therapy is a pseudoscientific practice that aims to change homosexual individuals into "normal" heterosexual members of society.It assumes that homosexuality is:<ul><li>A disease/mental illness</li><li>A voluntary behaviour</li><li>Morally wrong </li></ul>

What is conversion therapy?

<ol><li><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biology_and_sexual_orientation">Homosexuality is a natural extension of human sexuality</a>, and thus does not need to be "cured" or changed.</li><li>There is <a href="https://psychology.ucdavis.edu/rainbow/html/facts_changing.html">no evidence</a> that conversion therapy is effective & actually changes a person's sexuality.</li><li>Conversion therapy causes extreme <a href="https://counseling.northwestern.edu/blog/conversion-therapy-lgbtq-counseling/">psychological harm</a> of the people who have to endure it.</li><li>Conversion therapy may cause social harm by disseminating unscientific views about sexual orientation.</li></ol>

Why is conversion therapy bad?

Eventhough, the <a href="https://www.psychiatry.org/newsroom/news-releases/apa-reiterates-strong-opposition-to-conversion-therapy">American Psychiatric Associatio</a>n (APA) has taken a strong stance against conversion therapy, it still <a href="https://commons.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Countries_banning_conversion_therapy.svg#mw-jump-to-license">continues to be practiced today</a> because of homophobia stemming from:<ul><li>religious justifications</li><li>ignorance.</li></ul>

Why does it still exist? 

Knowing the dangers of conversion therapy is important. If you are heterosexual & someone in your life is gay, then you should do your best to accept them for who they are because their sexuality does nothing to diminish their value as a person.Do your part in educating people about the dangers of conversion therapy.

The importance of knowing the truth

Conversion therapy, the idea that you can change a homosexual person to a heterosexual, is dangerous. Here are some conversion therapy statistics to back us up.

personaldevelopment

Personal Development

communication

Communication

The Dangers Of Conversion Therapy: Statistics, Study, And Controversy | Betterhelp

Childhood genital cutting is divided 3 categories:<ul><li>Femal genital mutilation (FGM)</li><li>Circumcision for males</li><li>Genital normalisation surgery for <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001669.htm" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">intersex</a> children (those born with ambiguous sex characteristics)</li></ul>

Childhood genital cutting

<ul><li>FGM is often seen as an intolerable violation of a child's bodily integrity &amp; human rights because it <a href="https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/female-genital-mutilation#:~:text=FGM%20can%20cause%20severe%20bleeding,FGM%20is%20concentrated%20(1)." rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">causes potential harm has no health benefits</a>.</li><li>It is still common for doctors to carry out genital normalisation surgery that is <a href="https://www.hrw.org/report/2017/07/25/i-want-be-nature-made-me/medically-unnecessary-surgeries-intersex-children-us" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">medically unnecessary &amp; even harmful</a>, to mould ambiguous genitalia into a <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gender_binary" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">“binary” male/female appearance</a>.</li><li>Circumcision is seen as more acceptable due to faith &amp; it's <a href="https://www.preventdisease.com/news/14/072114_Benefits-Circumcision-Based-On-False-Assumptions-Erroneous-Conclusions-Misleading-Medical-Information.shtml" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">apparent benefits</a>, despite the <a href="https://wchh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/tre.531" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">loss of sensitive tissue </a> &amp; other such <a href="http://www.cirp.org/library/psych/boyle6/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">potential risks</a>.</li></ul>

General consensus on childhood genital mutilation

The decision to alter/cut genitals through surgery should take into account:<ul><li>The medical necessity of the surgery</li><li>age &amp; ability to give <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informed_consent" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">informed consent</a></li></ul>

Moral considerations

health

Health

How Different are Female, Male and Intersex Genital Cutting? | Journal of Medical Ethics blog

A political ideology is a set of ethical principles of a social institution that explains how society should work. Contains certain ideas on what would be the best:<ul><li><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_forms_of_government">Form of government</a> </li><li><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_system">Economic system</a></li></ul> Has 2 dimensions: <ol><li>goals: how society should be organized.</li><li>methods: the most appropriate way to achieve this goal.</li></ol>

Political ideology

A government is the system of a group of people governing an organized community. It consists of:<ul><li><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legislature">Legislature</a> (make laws)</li><li><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_(government)">Executive</a> (execute & enforce law)</li><li><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judiciary">Judiciary</a> (interprets, defends & applies law)</li></ul> Government is a means to:<ol><li>Enforce organizational <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Policy">policies</a>.</li><li>Mechanism for determining policies.</li></ol> Each government has:<ul><li>a kind of <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution">constitution</a></li><li>a statement of its governing principles</li><li>philosophy</li></ul>

Government

An economic system is a system of <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Production_(economics)">production</a>, <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resource_allocation">resource allocation</a> and <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distribution_(economics)">distribution</a> of goods & services within a society or a given geographic area. 3 economic problems that should be solved by economic systems:<ul><li>What & how much should be produced?</li><li>How should it be produced?</li><li>Distribution method?</li></ul>

Economic system

Anarchism is a political ideology that rejects all involuntary, coercive forms of hierarchy/authority (including <a href="http://struggle.ws/wsm/capital.html">capitalism</a>, <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationalism#:~:text=Nationalism%20is%20an%20idea%20and,-governance)%20over%20its%20homeland.">nationalism</a>, the <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_(polity)">state</a> & all associated institutions) in the conduct of all human relations (interpersonal relationships). Favours of a society based on:<ul><li><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decentralization#:~:text=Decentralization%20or%20decentralisation%20is%20the,central%2C%20authoritative%20location%20or%20group.">decentralisation</a></li><li>freedom </li><li><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voluntary_association">voluntary association</a></li></ul>

Anarchism

Authoritarianism is a form of government characterized by:<ul><li>Rejection of <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluralism_(political_philosophy)">political plurality</a> (diversity).</li><li>A strong (unregulated) central power.</li><li>power maintained by political repression.</li></ul>Types:<ul><li><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autocracy">autocratic</a> (1 person in power)</li><li><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oligarchy">oligarchic</a> (a small group in power)</li></ul>

Authoritarianism

Communism is a specific form of socialism with the ultimate goal of establishing a communist society that consists of:<ul><li><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_ownership">common ownership</a> of the <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Means_of_production">means of production</a> </li><li>absence of social classes, money, & the state.</li></ul> Communism analyses that:<ol><li>There is an exploitative relationship between the 2 major social classes in the current order of society (<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitalism">capitalism</a>), the proletariat (working class) & the bourgeoisie (capitalist class).</li><li>This situation can only be resolved through a social revolution.</li></ol>

Communism

Conservatists often:<ul><li>promote traditional social institutions</li><li>oppose modernism </li><li>return to traditional values</li></ul>There is no single set of policies regarded as conservative because the meaning of conservatism depends on what is considered traditional in a given place & time.

Conservatism

Democracy is a form of government in which the people have the authority to choose their governing legislators. Emphasis on: <ul><li>freedom of assembly & speech</li><li>inclusiveness and equality (minority rights)</li><li>Membership (citizenship)</li><li>consent</li><li>voting</li><li>right to life </li></ul>

Democracy

Environmentalism advocates the reservation, restoration & improvement of the natural environment and critical earth system elements (ecodiversity, climate, habitats, etc.) on which humans depend in such a way that all the components are accorded a proper degree of sustainability.

Environmentalism

Liberalism is a political & moral philosophy based on:<ul><li>Liberty (freedom of speech, press, expression & religion)</li><li>Consent of the governed (democracy)</li><li>Equality before the law (civil & human rights)</li></ul>They generally support <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_market">free markets</a>, <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_trade">free trade</a>, capitalism limited government & <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secularism">secularism</a>.

Liberalism

Socialism is a political, social, & economic philosophy characterised by social ownership of the means of production.There have been numerous political movements such as anarchism, communism, Marxism, social democracy & etc., whose members called themselves socialists under some definition of the term-all of these interpretations have generated debate over the true meaning of socialism.

Socialism

Libertarians seek to maximize autonomy & political freedom, emphasizing:<ul><li>free association</li><li>freedom of choice</li><li>individualism</li><li>voluntary association</li></ul>Libertarians share a skepticism of authority and state power, and some seek to abolish capitalism & private ownership of the means of production.

Libertarianism

Transhumanist politics constitutes a group of political ideologies that generally express the belief in improving human individuals through science & technology.

Transhumanism

artsandculture

Society, Arts & Culture

List of political ideologies - Wikipedia

NFT stands for Non-fungible token. <ul><li>cannot be exchanged/replicated/replaced because they are unique.</li><li>allows you to buy & sell ownership of unique digital assets.</li></ul>

What is an NFT?

Fungible→ something replaceable/exchangeable.<ul><li>Currencies & goods are fungible because they are interchangeable with items of the same value.</li><li>Ex: exchanging one 5$ bill with five 1$ bills because both have the same value.</li></ul>Non-fungible→ something unique & irreplaceable.<ul><li>Items of sentimental/historical/unique value.</li></ul>

Fungibility (no it has nothing to do with fungi 🍄)

They use the same <a href="https://www.thebalancesmb.com/blockchain-explained-4773366">blockchain</a> technology that most <a href="https://blockgeeks.com/guides/what-is-cryptocurrency/">cryptocurrencies</a> use.Most NFTs are part of the Ethereum (a cryptocurrency) blockchain but other blockchains can implement their own versions of NFTs.

How do NFTs work?

NFTs are designed to give you something that can’t be copied: ownership (though a creator can still retain <a href="https://smartcopying.edu.au/guidelines/copyright-basics/what-is-copyright/#:~:text=A%20simple%20definition%20of%20copyright,how%20their%20material%20is%20used.&text=Copyright%20is%20a%20separate%20right%20to%20the%20property%20right%20in%20an%20object.">copyright</a>).Much like how physical art collecting is seen as a value-holding investment, now so are NFTs. However, instead of receiving an oil painting on canvas 🖼️ to hang on your wall, you get a JPG/MP3/GIF/etc file 🤷🏾‍♀️.

Buying NFTs 

T<a href="https://www.theverge.com/2021/3/5/22316320/jack-dorsey-original-tweet-nft-cent-valuables">he founder of Twitter sold his tweet as an NFT for under $3 million</a>.Someone paid almost $390,000 for a <a href="https://niftygateway.com/itemdetail/primary/0x948b3515d81034a3c16d5393c6c155946c93c103/1">50-second video by Grimes</a> while another person paid $6.6 million for <a href="https://niftygateway.com/itemdetail/secondary/0x12f28e2106ce8fd8464885b80ea865e98b465149/100010001">a video by Beeple</a>.Nyan Cat meme from 2011 <a href="https://amp.scmp.com/magazines/style/tech-design/article/3123302/would-you-pay-us590000-meme-nyan-cat-just-sold-six">sold for about US$590,000</a> in an online auction last Friday, February 19.

Wtf?!

Selling NFTs could be like selling a van Gogh painting, except instead of getting to appreciate a physical copy of something, you get a trading card. People will still be able to access & distribute the asset that you bought but you own it (without any copyrights though). So basically, you get bragging rights.

What‘s the point?

The creator just gets a shit ton of money and still gets to enjoy copyrights of their work so..... Win-win situation 😉.

Selling NFTS

NFTs are at least partially responsible for the millions of tons of carbon dioxide emissions generated by the cryptocurrencies used to buy & sell them.Cryptocurrencies are built on a system called “<a href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/proof-work.asp">proof of work</a>” to oversee transactions.The system forces "miners" to solve complex puzzles for a reward.The process is incredibly energy inefficient on purpose, making the "miners" use up inordinate amounts of electricity (that they have to pay, for making it less profitable for them to mess up).

Are NFTs bad for the environment?

Insights into Bitcoin’s underlying technology, and its massively scalable, decentralized applications.

crypto

Cryptocurrency

books

Books

moneyandinvestments

Money & Investments

technologyandthefuture

Technology & The Future

Harnessing Blockchain Technology

NFTs, or non-fungible tokens, have been A Thing for a while now, but what’s the meaning of "NFT"? A couple of high-profile stories have made us stop and go "Hey... what exactly are these things?" And you may have had the same question.

People are spending millions on NFTs. What? Why?

Israel is an officially Jewish country.Palestine is a set of 2 separate (but not independent), ethnically Arab and mostly Muslim territories: the West Bank & Gaza.Both countries are located in the Middle East.There is no internationally recognized line between Israel and Palestine. The borders are considered to be disputed, and have been for decades.

What are Israel and Palestine?

The conflict is NOT primarily about religion.It is over:<ol><li>Land ownership and control.</li></ol><ul><li>(The unpleasant) Israeli-Palestinian coexistence, in which Israel has put the Palestinians under suffocating military occupation & Palestinian militant groups terrorize Israelis.</li></ul>

Why are the Israelis and Palestinians fighting?

Thousands of (mostly European) Jews were moving into the mostly-Arab, mostly-Muslim region of the <a href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Ottoman-Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>, as part of a movement called <a href="http://www.vox.com/cards/israel-palestine/zionism">Zionism</a> to:<ul><li>escape persecution</li><li>establish their own state in their ancestral homeland.</li></ul>The conflict between Jews & Arabs in British Palestine began in the early 1900s, so in 1947, the UN approved a plan to to divide the country into:<ul><li>Israel (for Jews)</li><li>Palestine (for Arabs)</li></ul>Jerusalem, holy city for Jews & Muslims, was to be a special international zone.

The Zionist movement

Arab leaders in the region saw this plan as European colonial theft and, in 1948, invaded to keep Palestine unified. However, the Israeli forces won & pushed well beyond the UN-designated borders to claim land that was to have been part of Palestine.They also <a href="http://www.vox.com/cards/israel-palestine/nakba">uprooted and expelled </a>entire Palestinian communities, creating about 700,000 refugees, whose descendants now number 7 million & are still considered refugees.

The 1948 Arab-Israeli war

In 1967, Israel won another war with its Arab neighbours and put the remaining 2 Palestinian territories (West Bank & Gaza) under <a href="https://www.amnesty.org/en/countries/middle-east-and-north-africa/israel-and-occupied-palestinian-territories/report-israel-and-occupied-palestinian-territories/">military occupation</a>.Reasoning behind the occupation:<ul><li>protect Israelis from Palestinian attacks </li><li>provide security against foreign invasions. </li></ul>However these excuses do not explain the settlers who move into Palestinian territories for cheaper housing & expansion of borders in a bid for <a href="https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.haaretz.com/amp/opinion/.premium-palestinians-not-israeli-settlers-are-victims-of-ethnic-cleansing-1.5431103">ethnic cleansing</a>.

How did the conflict start? (Israel's military occupation)

<a href="http://www.vox.com/cards/israel-palestine/hamas">Hamas</a>, a Palestinian militant group that formed in 1987, seeks Israel's destruction. It is internationally recognized as a terrorist organization for its attacks targeting civilians and has ruled Gaza since 2006. Israeli forces periodically attack Hamas and other militant groups in Gaza, typically with air strikes or ground invasions.

Why is the conflict still going on now?

<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2014/07/15/world/middleeast/toll-israel-gaza-conflict.html">Palestinian civilians endure the brunt of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict</a>. While Israel targets militants and Hamas targets civilians, Israel's disproportionate military strength and its willingness to target militants based in dense urban communities means that Palestinians civilians are far more likely to be killed than any other group.

Why Is Israel the oppresors?

Violence has become so commonplace that leaders on both ends seem to believe that managing the violence is preferable.Israel's blockade on Gaza strangles economic life there and punishes civilians, which produce a climate that is hospitable to extremism. Palestinian's distrust of Israel, due to their military occupation even after trying for peace, has also been a major factor in the increasing violence.

Why can't they try for peace?

One-state solution: By erasing the borders and putting the Israelis & Palestinians together into one equal, pluralistic state. However the <a href="https://www.resetdoc.org/story/why-a-one-state-solution-wont-work/">unequal demographics</a> makes this a bad idea. Destruction of one side: The extremist idea of letting one side outright vanquish the other, in what would certainly be a catastrophic abuse of human rights. Two-state solution: Independent states for both Israelis & Palestinians. However, this option is starting to look less viable as the conflict stretches on.

How is this going to end?

Both sides have squandered peace and perpetuated conflict, but Palestinians today bear most of the suffering.

Who is to blame?

Yes, one of the questions is "Why are Israelis and Palestinians fighting?"

9 questions about the Israel-Palestine conflict

One Health is a collective approach/concept that strives to achieve optimal health outcomes by recognizing the interconnection between people, animals, plants, and the environment.

What is One Health?

<ol><li>Increase in human populations & our dependancy on animals causes more people to live in close contact with wild/domestic animals.</li><li>Disruptions in environmental conditions & habitats .</li><li>The increase in movement of people, animals, and animal products from international travel & trade.</li></ol>

The concept of One health in real life

One Health issues include:<ul><li><a href="https://www.cdc.gov/onehealth/basics/zoonotic-diseases.html">Zoonotic diseases</a></li><li><a href="https://youtu.be/xZbcwi7SfZE">Antimicrobial resistance</a></li><li><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsufs.2020.00001/full">Food safety & security</a></li><li><a href="https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/vector-borne-diseases">Vector-borne diseases</a></li><li><a href="https://www.scientificworldinfo.com/2019/10/effects-of-environmental-pollution-on-human-health.html?m=1">Environmental contamination/pollution</a></li></ul>Medical, psychological, economic and occupational fields can also benefit from a One Health approach involving collaboration across disciplines and sectors.

One Health issues.

Successful public health interventions require communication, cooperation and a coordination of activities between human, animal, & environmental health professionals, as well as policy makers, law enforcement & the general public. Collaboration between sectors is crucial in tackling problems at a human-animal-environment interface.

The One Health approach

One Health Basics | One Health | CDC

Abolition is a political vision with the goal of:<ul><li>Eliminating incarceration (<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prison%E2%80%93industrial_complex">prisons & prison systems</a>).</li><li>Creating alternatives to prisons (by using <a href="https://www.justice.gc.ca/eng/rp-pr/cj-jp/victim/rest.html">principles of reformative justice</a>).</li></ul>

What is Prison abolition?

<ul><li>Ineffective at <a href="https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/599202">discouraging crimes</a> which was its original purpose.</li><li>Oppresses politically marginalized groups (<a href="https://sites.coloradocollege.edu/hip/criminality-and-criminalization/incarceration-of-minorities/">POC</a>, <a href="https://www.lgbtmap.org/policy-and-issue-analysis/criminal-justice-youth">queer</a> people, <a href="https://www.prisonpolicy.org/reports/income.html">impoverished</a> people, addicts, etc).</li><li>Inhumane conditions: prisoners subjected to <a href="https://www.fuchsberg.com/blog/sexual-abuse-of-prisoners/">sexual abuse</a> & prolonged <a href="https://ccrjustice.org/home/get-involved/tools-resources/fact-sheets-and-faqs/torture-use-solitary-confinement-us-prisons">solitary confinement</a>.</li><li>Access to justice based on the <a href="https://www.projectreserve.com/2018/01/poverty-and-access-to-justice-study-of.html?m=1">financial status</a> of the accused.</li><li>Alienation of ex-prisoners. (<a href="https://www.prisonfellowship.org/2015/03/why-ex-prisoners-cant-find-work/">unemployment</a> & social stigma)</li><li>Exploitation of <a href="http://www.entelekheia.fr/2017/03/02/21st-century-slaves-how-corporations-exploit-prison-labor/">prison labor</a>.</li></ul>

What‘s wrong with prisons?

Prison abolitionists argue that it is not enough to simply reform our current criminal justice system.<a href="https://static1.squarespace.com/static/59ead8f9692ebee25b72f17f/t/5b65cd58758d46d34254f22c/1533398363539/CR_NoCops_reform_vs_abolition_CRside.pdf">here's why</a>:<ul><li>The prison-industrial complex gets even more powerful by feeding off of reform.</li><li>Prison itself is a (failed) reform. Before, there was corporal punishment, and the developing of the prison system is a move from that practice into what was initially seen as something more humane.</li></ul>

What about reform instead of abolition?

Restorative justice focuses on:<ul><li>The process of healing for victims.</li><li>The process of understanding the harm caused & discouraging it with education (no violence/coercion).</li><li>Holding the criminal accountable for their actions, encouraging reparations to be made and ensuring reintegration into society.</li></ul>Thus, restorative justice processes fulfill the needs of the victim, offender & community while preserving the safety & dignity of all.

Restorative Justice as a Step Toward Abolition

Violent crimes (such as rape, murder, pedophilia, etc) are caused by <a href="https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.sagepub.com/sites/default/files/upm-binaries/24081_Pages_272_273.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwi2m_314dXvAhX18HMBHZ0HDhsQFjAHegQIFxAF&usg=AOvVaw20Y9MRf-xApw9-0LTpfZ7m">environmental factors & underlying mental health problems</a>, which should be addressed to achieve rehabilitation & prevent future occurrences of it within society.Unfortunately, our current prison systems (which implicate <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retributive_justice">retributive justice systems</a>) are <a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/crime-and-punishment/201804/why-punishment-doesnt-reduce-crime">not effective</a> at dealing with violent criminals.

What about violent/dangerous criminals?

We've been so indoctrinated by a society that's been using prisons as an answer for every social and political problem, that we have very little practice with imagining solutions to systemic problems without prison sentences.

Why is it so hard to envision abolition being practical?

As the idea of prison abolition increasingly enters the mainstream discourse, GQ interviews an organizer within the movement.

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How Would Prison Abolition Actually Work?

Discharge is the non-period fluid that leaves your vagina.The volume, consistency and colour of discharge will change throughout the menstryal cycle and also varies from person to person.Types of discharges:<ul><li>cervical fluid</li><li>arousal fluid</li><li>Ejaculation fluid</li></ul>

Vaginal discharge

<a href="https://helloclue.com/articles/cycle-a-z/wet-sticky-what-your-discharge-is-telling-you">Cervical fluid</a> is an aspect of discharge that prevents/facilitates the movement of sperm past the <a href="https://helloclue.com/articles/cycle-a-z/how-to-find-feel-your-cervix">cervix</a>.Hormonal fluctuations throughout the menstrual cycle stimulates the cervix to produce this fluid, with varying qualities & quantitaties.

Cervical fluid

Arousal fluid is produced during arousal to act as a natural lubricant by:<ul><li><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/nursing-and-health-professions/vaginal-dryness">Vaginal transudation</a> pushes liquid to the surface of vaginal walls.</li><li>Bartholin's gland (<a href="https://www.infobloom.com/what-is-bartholins-gland.htm">situated near vaginal opening</a>) produces liquid.</li></ul>The production of arousal fluid can be affected by: <ul><li>Fluctuating levels of hormones throughout the menstrual cycle.</li><li>Arousal</li><li>Mental state</li><li>Certain medications, such as birth control pills, etc.</li></ul>

Arousal fluid

Female ejaculation is still an unclear topic, but research claims that the small amount of milky fluid which can be produced during orgasm might be from Skene's glands, which are <a href="https://www.healthline.com/health/skene-gland">located near the urethra</a>.

Ejaculation fluid

“Squirting” is different from female ejaculation and does not necessarily happen during orgasn. It is suspected to be a form of dilute urine expelled from the urethra during orgasm.

What is Squirting?

It’s normal to notice different types of vaginal fluid throughout your cycle. However, abnormal discharge can be an indication of a problem, such as bacterial/fungal infection or STI. Indicators of abnormal discharge:<ul><li>Color : Grayish, greenish, yellowish, brownish.</li><li>Volume : Significant change in amount, often with other symptoms like itching.</li><li>Consistency : Fluid becomes thinner, thicker and more textured than normal.</li><li>Smell : Unpleasant, fishy, metallic.</li></ul>

Abnormal vaginal discharge

What is the difference between cervical fluid, arousal fluid, and vaginal discharge?

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